In the nineteenth century, Iranian reformers wanted to create an independent, modern state that could stand on its own feet.[read more>>]

Guilds, Merchants and Ulama analyzes the major functions and characteristics of these groups, and discusses how they each coped with the pressures of the world market to which Iran was increasingly exposed and which resulted in the disappearance of jobs reducing Iran’s economic and political independence.[read more>>]

In 1770, Astrakhan, on the left bank of the Volga River close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea, was Russia’s most important southern port through which all its trade with Iran and the Orient was conducted.[read more>>]

Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration contains unique and important information on offices, ethnic attitudes and administrative developments in Iran’s Safavid government (1495–1720).[read more>>]

“A new edition of the 1912 work by the American appointed in 1911 by the newly (and briefly) constitutional government of Persia to help organize its finances.[read more>>]

In August 1907, while Iran was in the throes of its Constitutional Revolution, Britain and Russia concluded a secret agreement to divide the country between themselves into zones of influence.[read more>>]

“… Future historians will find in it more of value about the ways of the Shah and those around him during the critical months of the Revolution than in any other book so far written by an Iranian…Dr. Ghani includes intriguing tit-bits of information in some of his commentaries. . .[read more>>]

“Using private and official English and French primary sources, Iradj Amini gives us a clear and vivid description of Napoleon’s diplomatic adventures in Persia.” – Le Quotidien de Paris.[read more>>]

“Candid and revealing[offers] a wealth of insights into Iranian society and culture.” – William Quandt, Foreign Affairs.[read more>>]